IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in myeloid neoplasms--novel paradigms and clinical implications.

Ex vivo production of human red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells: what is the future in transfusion? Hematopoietic colony-forming cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibrob-lasts by defined factors. Tian S, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. and endothelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Large-scale production of embryonic red blood cells from human embryonic stem cells. properties and enucleation of red blood cells from human embryonic stem cells. et al. Red blood cell generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: perspectives for transfusion medicine. T, et al. Generation of functional platelets from human embryonic stem cells in vitro via ES-sacs, VEGF-promoted structures that concentrate hematopoietic progenitors. Megakaryocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells: a genetically tractable system to study megakaryocytopoiesis and integrin function. Generation of mature human myelomonocytic cells through expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+ progenitors. Human embryonic stem cell-derived NK cells acquire functional receptors and cytolytic activity. Generation of T cells from human embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic zones. Human embryonic stem cell-derived CD34+ cells: efficient production in the coculture with OP9 stromal cells and analysis of lymphohematopoietic potential. Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) identifies and regulates primitive hemangioblasts derived from human pluripotent stem cells. I n the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 1 myeloid neoplasms include myeloproliferative neo-plasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/ MPN), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the last few years there have been major advances in our understanding of the molecular bases of these disorders, and molecular genetic data are increasingly being used for diagnosis, risk assessment and definition of treatment strategies. These data now include information on mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes. IDH1 and IDH2 encode the enzymes isocitrate dehydro-genase 1 and 2, respectively. The essential information about these genes and their products is reported in Table 1. In 2008, though a genome-wide analysis Parsons et al. 4 identified somatic mutations at codon 132 of IDH1 in approximately 12% of patients with glioblastoma multi-forme, the most common and fatal type of brain cancer. In a subsequent study, these authors detected somatic mutations that affected amino acid 132 of IDH1 in more than 70% of gliomas. …